Sanguinamento vaginale in gravidanza: cause e cosa fare

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Un sanguinamento vaginale in gravidanza può avere diverse cause: fino al 25% delle donne può incappare in queste perdite nell’arco dei 9 mesi, anche se ciò avviene più frequentemente nel primo trimestre. Può accadere in qualsiasi momento dal concepimento (da quando l’uovo è fecondato) fino alla fine della gestazione.E’ più comune quando in arrivo ci sono due gemelli. Quali le motivazioni più rilevanti? Quando preoccuparsi e cosa fare?

perdite di sangue in gravidanza cause


Perdite di sangue in gravidanza: le cause

All’inizio della gestazione può capitare di avere un lieve sanguinamento, a volte anche simile alle stesse mestruazioni (si possono presentare negli stessi giorni). Si tratta delle cosiddette perdite di sangue da impianto: considerate uno dei primi sintomi della gravidanza! Non devono preoccupare, anche se durano qualche giorno, ma è sempre importante parlarne col il proprio ginecologo per valutarne con certezza l’origine ed eventualmente la presenza di una gravidanza effettivamente in atto (per la quale basta anche semplicemente il test da acquistare in farmacia o un’ecografia). Questo è importante soprattutto per escludere questioni più serie.
Durante i primi 3 mesi infatti questo disturbo può essere collegato anche ad un aborto spontaneo o ad una gravidanza ectopica (o extrauterina: una condizione in cui l’ovulo fecondato si sviluppa al di fuori dell’utero, cosa pericolosa, se non trattata, anche per la stessa vita della donna).  Nel secondo e terzo trimestre invece le cause sono le seguenti:

 

  • Distacco di placenta
  • Aborto Spontaneo
  • Placenta previa

Altre possibili cause di sanguinamento vaginale durante la gravidanza:

  • Polipo cervicale
  • Parto pretermine
  • Gravidanza ectopica
  • Infezione della cervice uterina
  • Trauma al collo dell’utero dovuto a rapporto sessuale (piccola quantità di sanguinamento)

 

Cosa fare, consigli pratici

Evitare rapporti sessuali fino a quando il medico ginecologo, non dirà che tutto è in ordine; bere solo liquidi se il sanguinamento è grave ed è accompagnato da forti dolori. Potrebbe essere necessario diminuire l’attività o mettersi a riposo a letto a casa per il resto della gravidanza o fino a quando le perdite di sangue non si fermano. Il riposo a letto può essere totale o parziale, a seconda dei casi che analizzerà lo specialista. Di solito non sono necessari farmaci se non in casi particolari e solo sotto prescrizione e controllo del ginecologo. Vanno altresì evitati i tamponi interni e le docce vaginali (possibilmente quelle anche lontano dalla gravidanza).

Quando contattare un medico

E’ opportuno rivolgersi ad un medico sempre in caso di sanguinamento vaginale durante la gravidanza perché può trattarsi sempre di un’emergenza. Va raggiunto subito il primo ospedale invece se oltre alle perdite di sangue si ha placenta previa o le contrazioni uterine con forti dolori.Lo stesso dicasi se si è in presenza di

  • Gravi emorragie
  • Vertigini e sanguinamento

 

Gli specialisti, dopo un esame fisico e l’anamnesi probabilmente procederanno con un’ecografia ed esami del sangue per valutare se si è ancora incinte.

Anche se si nota la fuoriuscita di un qualcosa di diverso dal sangue o grumi anomali ed abbondanti, è importante rivolgersi subito ad un’ostetrica o al ginecologo: il consiglio è di mettere lo scarico del caso in un vasetto (tipo quello delle urine) o in una bustina di plastica e portarlo con se alla visita.

Se non si è più in stato di gravidanza, se cioè si è avuto un aborto spontaneo, potrebbe essere necessario sottoporsi ad un raschiamento.

Potrebbero interessarvi anche i seguenti post:

Mestruazioni e spotting in gravidanza

Perdite vaginali marroni dopo il ciclo: cause e cure dello spotting

Rimedi contro la cellulite in gravidanza

I rischi della gravidanza con il diabete

Foto: Thinkstock

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