Agoaspirato fa male? Cos’è e come si fa

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L’agoaspirato è una procedura diagnostica che si può fare al seno, alla tiroide o paratiroide, ad un linfonodo del collo o meno, a livello polmonare o al pancreas. Serve a prelevare cellule di tessuto che si sospetta possa essere un tumore. In cosa consiste? Fa male? Scopriamolo insieme:

ago aspirato fa cole cosa e

 

Cos’è l’agoaspirato?

E’ un test per la diagnosi lievemente invasivo: consiste nell’aspirazione di un campione di cellule in un tessuto sospetto, solitamente un nodulo palpabile, attraverso un ago molto sottile. Il materiale prelevato viene analizzato al laboratorio: è un esame citologico che va distinto da una biopsia, che prevede l’asportazione e l’analisi di parti di tessuto ( e non di sole cellule) con successivo esame istologico -anziché citologico. La biopsia può essere fatta chirurgicamente o anch’essa tramite un ago (agobiopsia o Core Biopsy o Core Needle Biopsy)che in tal caso sarà più grande di quello dell’esame citologico, dovendo far passare anche piccolissimi bisturi (ago tranciante). Questo va sottolineato perché abitualmente i termini vengono indicati come sinonimi.

Quandi si fa?

L’agoaspirato si esegue in caso di dubbi diagnostici, in presenza di noduli palpabili o meno, microcalcificazioni, aree non definite, tessuti cicatriziali anomali, altre formazioni atipiche, linfonodi sospetti. A seconda dei casi lo specialista sceglie questa opzione o l’agobiopsia che -tramite esame istologico- può offrire informazioni più precise e dettagliate.

 

L’ago aspirato fa male?

L’agoaspirato non fa male, sostanzialmente si può sentire un certo “fastidio” o una lieve sensazione dolorifera al momento dell’inserimento dell’ago (come una iniezione qualunque). Molto dipende dalla mano dell’operatore e dalla soglia di dolore individuale. Non è necessaria l’anestesia, anche se magari a volte può essere applicato sulla cute un anestetico locale.

 

 

Come si esegue?

L’agoaspirato si esegue presso ambulatori specializzati e con materiale sterile. Per inserire l’ago nel modo giusto, tramite ecografia si identifica la lesione da indagare e sotto la guida delle immagini si procede. Il tutto dura pochi minuti e subito dopo il prelievo il paziente può tornare alla sua vita normale.Il materiale prelevato viene adeguatamente preparato ed analizzato in un laboratorio.

 

Che significano i risultati?

Comprendere un qualunque referto diagnostico è per i pazienti spesso difficile. Per un esame citologico ad esempio si usano 5 codici (lettere e cifre) atte ad indicare la pericolosità o meno del materiale analizzato. La classificazione è la seguente:
C1 Esame non significativo (il materiale prelevato non è adeguato o sufficiente per stabilire una qualunque diagnosi)
C2 Lesione benigna (esempio fibroadenoma)
C3 Lesione atipica, probabilmente benigna (necessarie ulteriori indagini più approfondite)
C4 Lesione sospetta, malignità probabile tra l’80 ed il 98%, ovvero sospetto carcinoma
C5 Lesione positiva con cellule corrispondenti a tumore maligno

Il citologico, va sottolineato, ha un certo margine di errore (specie falsi negativi) ed in caso di esito C 5 non fornisce informazioni sull’effettiva natura del tumore maligno e sulla sua invasività.

 

 

 

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Come viene fatto un ago aspirato alla tiroide, VIDEO

Ago aspirato al seno, un video spiega la procedura

 

 

 

 

Foto: Thinkstock
Fonte: Komen.it
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