Sindrome di Asperger

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Dopo aver parlato della sindrome di Williams -Beuren, della sindrome di Edwards, della sindrome di Gorlin Goltz e la sindrome di Caplan, oggi vogliamo parlare di un’altra malattia genetica rara: la sindrome di Asperger.


La sindrome di Asperger è un disturbo dello sviluppo ed è molto simile all’autismo; il nome della malattia venne dato dalla psichiatra inglese Lorna Wing in onore di Hans Asperger, uno psichiatra e pediatra austriaco, i cui meriti gli vennero riconosciuti tardivamente, negli anni Novanta.
L’eziologia di questa malattia è ancora del tutto ignota e gli individui che ne sono portatori sono caratterizzati una forte ed insistente compromissione nei rapporti con le altre persone, con schemi comportamentali ripetitivi e molto stereotipati con interessi ed attività molto limitate.

In questa patologia però, a differenza dell’autismo vero e proprio, non vi è un ritardo nello sviluppo del linguaggio e di quello cognitivo; questa patologia ha dei sintomi che spesso sono associabili ad altre malattie, come il disturbo dell’apprendimento non-verbale (Nonverbal learning disorder) o il disturbo schizoide di personalità.
i bambini che soffrono di questa sindrome mostrano spesso una capacità molto limitata per le spontanee interazioni sociali, non hanno nessun tipo di rapporto di amicizia stabile e si applicano solo a ristretti argomenti di interesse escludendo tutti gli altri, risultando essere monomaniaci e molto limitati.

Bisogna aggiungere però che coloro che soffrono di questa sindrome hanno un’intelligenza nella norma o molto spesso superiore alla media e possono offrire grandi contributi intellettuali ma allo stesso tempo, a causa della loro scarsa capacità di relazione con gli altri, possono essere del tutto insensibili e apparire indifferenti verso le persone che sono loro vicine.
Due malati celebri furono Albert Einstein e Isaac Newton.

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