Sindrome di Caplan

Dopo aver parlato della sindrome di Samo, della sindrome di Tourette, della sindrome di Rett e della sindrome di Gorlin Goltz, oggi vogliamo parlare della sindrome di Caplan.


La sindrome di Caplan prende il nome dal suo scopritore, che nel 1953, tenendo sotto controllo un gruppo di minatori che lavoravano in una cava di carbone, ha evidenziato una serie di noduli di grandi dimensioni, tosse e difficoltà respiratorie.
Il medico è arrivato così alla conclusione che questa malattia si caratterizza con un gonfiore (infiammazione) e con la successiva cicatrizzazione dei polmoni in quegli individui già affetti da artrite reumatoide che sono stati esposti alla polvere di estrazione, come il carbone, silicio o amianto.
La sindrome di Caplan è quindi causata dall’inalazione di polvere che provoca infiammazione e può portare allo sviluppo di patologie a carico del polmone come noduli e asma, che spesso possono peggiorare e provocare delle serie difficoltà respiratorie che prendono il nome di fibrosi.
I sintomi caratteristici della sindrome di Caplan sono: tosse, mancanza di fiato o fiato corto, dispnea, noduli della cute (noduli reumatoidi), gonfiore e dolore.
Nel momento in cui vi sia il sospetto che si è di fronte a questa patologia, bisogna recarsi da un medico specialista, il quale controllerà la storia clinica dettagliata del paziente, che includerà domande sulle sue abitudini e sul suo lavoro sia passato che presente e contatti con altre possibili fonti di esposizione alla polvere: successivamente potrebbe fare un esame fisico, soffermandosi con particolare attenzione sulla presenza di malattie della pelle.

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