Lupus eritematoso sistemico sintomi e cause

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Il Lupus (tra cui il Lupus eritematoso sistemico) è una complessa e poco comprensibile condizione che colpisce molte parti del corpo provocando sintomi diversi a seconda dei casi. Questi possono essere leggeri e trascurabili, ma anche rappresentare un rischio per la vita di chi ne è affetto. Scopriamo insieme quali possono essere i campanelli d’allarme di questa malattia e cosa fare per avere una diagnosi certa.

lupus eritematoso sistemico sintomi cause


Tipi di lupus

Prima di tutto occorre sottolineare che esistono diversi tipi di Lupus, proprio in relazione agli organi colpiti e ad altri aspetti con cui si manifesta. Ad esempio può riguardare la pelle, come nel caso del Lupus eritematoso discoide o di quello eritematoso cutaneo subacuto. Alcuni farmaci possono anche causare effetti collaterali simili a tale patologia.  Tuttavia, il termine “lupus” è spesso usato per descrivere una forma più grave della malattia chiamata lupus eritematoso sistemico (LES), che può colpire molte parti del corpo, tra cui la pelle, le articolazioni e gli organi interni.

I sintomi variano da lievi a gravi, possono svilupparsi lentamente e persistere per lungo tempo in forma leggera o manifestarsi all’improvviso con grande violenza. Anche i casi lievi possono comunque essere dolorosi ed avere un notevole impatto sulla qualità di vita di chi ne è affetto.

 

Sintomi di Lupus eritematoso sistemico

Il Lupus eritematoso sistemico (LES)può provocare una vasta gamma di sintomi, a seconda delle zone del corpo interessate. Tra i più comuni troviamo:

  • affaticamento (stanchezza estrema)
  • eruzioni cutanee – soprattutto sul viso, polsi e le mani
  • dolore e gonfiore delle parti

Poiché questi disturbi sono simili a una serie di altre condizioni, anche più frequenti, può essere difficile da diagnosticare. Se si hanno sintomi persistenti o fastidiosi che si pensa potrebbero dipendere da questa forma di Lupus, è opportuno parlarne con il proprio medico curante per indagare a fondo la causa.

Quali sono le cause lupus?

Il LES è una patologia autoimmune, il che significa che è provocato da problemi con il sistema immunitario: per ragioni non ancora chiare questo inizia ad attaccare e infiammare le cellule sane, tessuti e organi. Come con altre condizioni autoimmuni più comuni, come l’artrite reumatoide, si pensa una combinazione di fattori genetici ed ambientali  quale responsabile dello sviluppo di tale malattia. Non è frequente, ma può definirsi una patologia al femminile (oltre il 90% delle diagnosi riguarda le donne) . Ci sono inoltre molti farmaci noti per causare effetti collaterali lupus-simile in alcune persone. Questi includono la clorpromazina (un antipsicotico) e la  minociclina. Non vanno sospesi i farmaci senza prima parlarne con il medico prescrittore.

Cura

Non vi è attualmente alcuna cura per il LES, ma ci sono diversi medicinali che possono aiutare ad alleviare molti dei sintomi e ridurre le possibilità di danni d’organo.

Questi farmaci comprendono:

  • idrossiclorochina – un principio attivo che è stato storicamente usato per trattare la malaria, ma che si è scoperto essere efficace anche nel trattare alcuni sintomi del LES
  • corticosteroidi – farmaci anti-infiammatori
  • immunosoppressori – un gruppo di farmaci che sopprimono il sistema immunitario

Molte persone con Lupus eritematoso sistemico sono in grado di gestire in modo efficace la loro condizione.

 

 

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Fonte: NHS.uk

Foto: Thinkstock

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