Nodulo o grumo all’addome, cause e cosa fare

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Può capitare che in uno dei punti dell’addome si possa sentire al tatto un nodulo, un gonfiore o rigonfiamento: può essere molle, duro, stabile o che si sposta. Dipende dalla causa che lo ha generato. Analizziamo le più comuni e cosa fare.

nodulo addome

Nodulo all’addome, le cause

Tra le possibili cause di un nodulo o rigonfiamento all’addome troviamo le ernie: queste si verificano quando alcuni organi interni spingono attraverso un punto debole nella parete addominale. Si solito si sviluppano in seguito alla distensione dei muscoli provocata dal sollevamento di un qualcosa di molto pesante, in conseguenza di una tosse cronica o in caso di stitichezza.

Ci sono diversi tipi di ernie, tre delle quali possono produrre un grumo/ nodulo evidente e sono risolvibili con la chirurgia.

  • Ernia inguinale: si verifica in seguito ad una debolezza nella parete addominale. Può provocare dolore se ci si piega, tossisce o se si sollevano pesi. In molti casi però è asintomatica, fino a quando la condizione peggiora. Di per sé, un’ernia inguinale non è dannosa, ma va tenuta sotto controllo perché può causare complicazioni, come la perdita di sangue o ostruzioni intestinali. La risoluzione è chirurgica.
  • Ernia ombelicale: è localizzata vicino all’ombelico. E’ più comune nei bambini, e spesso scompare con la crescita, entro i 3 anni. Il segno classico di un ernia ombelicale è un nodulo che si può vedere o toccare quando il bimbo piange.
  • Laparocele: si forma in seguito ad un taglio chirurgico.

Altre le cause meno comuni che possono creare un grumo all’addome:

  • Ematoma: in genere dopo un infortunio, tende a formare anche un livido sopra la pelle e a risolversi spontaneamente con il passare del tempo.
  • Lipoma: è un grumo di grasso che si accumula sotto la pelle. Si muove leggermente se spinto e toccato. I lipomi crescono molto lentamente, possono verificarsi ovunque sul corpo, e sono quasi sempre benigni. Possono essere rimossi chirurgicamente, ma nella maggior parte dei casi, non è necessario.
  • Testicolo ritenuto: i testicoli si formano nell’addome e poi scendono nel scroto . In alcuni casi, uno o ambedue non scendono completamente. Ciò può causare un piccolo nodulo vicino all’inguine in neonati maschi e può essere corretto con la terapia ormonale o con la chirurgia atta a portare il testicolo nella giusta posizione.
  • Tumore: anche se molto raro, un tumore benigno o meno in un organo nell’addome o nella pelle o dei muscoli può causare un rigonfiamento evidente. Il trattamento dipende dal tipo di tumore e dalla sua posizione precisa.

Quando recarsi dal medico e cosa fare

Se si sente o si vede un nodulo nell’addome che non è possibile identificare, è importante rivolgersi al proprio medico curante per un appuntamento, e anche con un chirurgo. Se oltre alla massa si fosse in presenza anche di febbre, vomito o dolore circostante, è meglio recarsi ad un pronto soccorso perché potrebbe trattarsi di un’emergenza.

In genere un’ernia viene diagnosticata durante l’esame fisico. È quindi possibile discutere le modalità di una correzione chirurgica. Se il medico invece non ritiene che il nodulo sia un’ernia, può richiedere ulteriori test. Per un ematoma o lipoma, è probabile che non hanno bisogno di ulteriori prove, ma se un tumore si sospetta, potrebbe essere necessario test di imaging come la TAC per determinare la sua posizione ed estensione. Potrebbe anche essere necessaria una biopsia (rimozione dei tessuti) per determinare se il tumore è benigno o maligno (cancro).

Leggete anche:

Ernia iatale, cause, sintomi e rimedi

Ernia del disco

 

Foto: Thinkstock

Fonte: Mayo clinic

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