Ecografia all’addome, a cosa serve e come si fa

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L’ecografia utilizza onde sonore ad alta frequenza capaci di catturare immagini e video preziosi per una diagnosi, qualunque sia la parte interessata come nel caso dell‘ecografia all’addome. Serve insomma per poter osservare il corpo umano al suo interno, senza la necessità di fare incisioni o indagini diagnostiche invasive o pericolose. Non a caso, cioè per la sua sicurezza, l’ecografia addominale è usata comunemente in gravidanza per controllare lo sviluppo del feto. Ma non solo. Ecco cosa occorre sapere sul tema.

ecografia addome come si fa

Perché si fa l’ecografia all’addome?

Le ecografie addominali vengono utilizzate per una varietà di ragioni e per analizzare i diversi organi della complessa cavità addominale, spesso area di sintomi e disturbi non ben definiti. Questo accade perché l’addome è la sede di reni, fegato, cistifellea, fegato, pancreas, milza; ci cresce un bambino durante la gravidanza e contiene gran parte dell’apparato digerente oltre che l’aorta.  Condizioni e sintomi comuni per i quali un medico può prescrivere un’ecografia addominale includono infatti:

Secondo la Mayo Clinic, gli uomini di età compresa tra i 65 ed i 75 anni tabagisti o ex fumatori, in particolare dovrebbero essere sottoposti con regolarità a questo test in quanto più soggetti allo sviluppo di un aneurisma dell’aorta addominale.
A volte può essere utilizzata per guidare visivamente altre indagini diagnostiche, come accade ad esempio con l’amniocentesi.

Rischi o controindicazioni, ve ne sono?

L’ecografia addominale non comporta rischi di sorta. A differenza dei raggi X o della TAC all’addome le ecografie non utilizzano radiazioni o sostanze chimiche. Si può sentire un leggero fastidio durante la procedura se si sta soffrendo di un particolare dolore all’addome, ma nulla di più.

Come prepararsi all’ecografia all’addome

In genere non è necessaria alcuna preparazione, ma in taluni casi (dipende dal problema che si va ad indagare) il medico potrebbe suggerire un digiuno da cibi solidi nelle ore immediatamente precedenti perché alimenti non ben digeriti potrebbero bloccare le onde sonore, rendendo difficile per il tecnico ottenere un quadro clinico chiaro. In particolare per un corretto esame della cistifellea, del fegato, di pancreas e di milza, è possibile che venga richiesto di mangiare un pasto senza grassi la sera prima il test, prima di iniziare il digiuno.
Si dovrebbe, tuttavia, continuare a bere acqua e assumere i farmaci secondo le istruzioni. Non sempre, come per l’ecografia pelvica è necessario bere in eccesso e trattenere i liquidi nella vescica (questa si analizza con l’ecografia pelvica che può comunque essere abbinata a quella addominale nel corso del Check-up).

Come si esegue l’ecografia all’addome

Prima di sostenere l’esame, occorre liberarsi di eventuali abiti scomodi sulla pancia e sulla schiena. Si inizia sdraiati a pancia in su su un lettino medico. L’ecografista applicherà un particolare gel sull’addome (freddo, spesso, ma non fastidioso o pericoloso) utile a trasmettere al meglio le onde sonore. Il trasduttore (il manipolo che il medico usa) trasmette onde sonore ad alta frequenza attraverso il corpo. Queste onde, impossibili da sentire all’orecchio umano, risuonano e rimbalzano al contatto con un oggetto denso, come un organo. Questi echi sono quindi riflessi/trasmessi sul monitor di un computer. A seconda della zona in esame, potrebbe essere necessario cambiare le posizioni in modo che il tecnico possa accedere più facilmente a tali aree: per i reni ad esempio potrebbe essere richiesto di alzarsi in piedi o sedersi. Dopo la procedura, che dura in genere meno di 30 minuti, la pancia si potrà pulire dal gel in eccesso con dei semplici tovaglioli di carta. I risultati sono immediati. Spesso vengono detti a voce nell’immediato e subito dopo trascritti su referto insieme alle immagini stampate.

Potrebbero interessarvi anche i seguenti post:

Tac all’addome

Nodulo o grumo all’addome, cause e cosa fare

Foto: Thinkstock

Fonte: Health line

 

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