Si parla di disfagia, quando alimenti e / o liquidi non si muovono normalmente dalla gola (faringe) allo stomaco e non va confusa con la sensazione di un “groppo in gola”: può essere molto pericolosa perché può indurre ad inalare il cibo o l’acqua e quindi non solo a provocare soffocamento, ma anche a sviluppare una polmonite acuta da aspirazione. Senza contare che se la disfagia è cronica, è probabile andare incontro a malnutrizione.
Cause della disfagia
Ma quali sono dunque le cause di questa condizione? Sebbene la maggior parte delle persone ritengano la deglutizione come un processo fisiologico, automatico, così non è: in essa interagisce il cervello con tanti muscoli della gola e dell’esofago. Se si altera uno di questi 3 componenti, la deglutizione può diventare complicata. Le cause dunque possono essere divise in tre grandi aree:
• Disturbi del cervello o del sistema nervoso
E’ il caso della malattia di Parkinson, dell’ictus, della SLA (Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica) o della Sclerosi Multipla.
• Disturbi dei muscoli in generale
Disturbi muscolari generali che causano difficoltà di deglutizione sono miastenia gravis, dermatomiosite e distrofia muscolare.
• Disturbi dell’esofago (un blocco fisico o un disordine della motilità )
Un blocco fisico può derivare da un tumore dell’esofago, strati di tessuto anomalo al suo interno, cicatrizzazione da reflusso acido cronico o consecutiva alla deglutizione di un liquido caustico. Talvolta l’esofago è compresso da un organo vicino come la ghiandola della tiroide ingrandita, un rigonfiamento nella grande arteria del torace (aneurisma aortico), o un tumore toracico.
Disturbi della motilità esofagea comprendono l’acalasia (in cui le contrazioni ritmiche dell’esofago sono notevolmente diminuite e il muscolo esofageo inferiore non si rilassa come dovrebbe per consentire al cibo di passare nello stomaco) e lo spasmo esofageo. La sclerosi sistemica (sclerodermia) può anche causare un disturbo della motilità.
Da sapere in caso di disfagia (difficoltà di deglutizione)
Non ogni episodio di disfagia richiede una valutazione immediata del medico. Le seguenti informazioni possono aiutare le persone a decidere quando è necessaria. Nelle persone con disfagia, alcuni sintomi devono essere motivo di preoccupazione. Essi comprendono
• I sintomi di un blocco fisico completo (come bava o incapacità a deglutire nulla)
• La disfagia con conseguente perdita di peso
• Deglutizione dolorosa (odinofagia)
• Tosse o senso di soffocamento ogni volta che si inghiottisce qualcosa
• Una disfagia correlata ad un nuovo disturbo del sistema nervoso, del midollo spinale o cerebrale
Cosa fare in caso di disfagia, esiste una cura?
Il modo migliore per trattare la disfagia è quello di individuare e cercare di curare per quanto possibile la causa specifica, oppure di controllare il sintomo. Per contribuire ad alleviare il problema, di base, i medici consigliano di assumere il cibo con piccoli morsi e masticare bene.
Le persone con disfagia provocata da un ictus possono trarre beneficio dal trattamento da uno specialista della riabilitazione. Provvedimenti possono comportare un cambio di posizione della testa mentre si mangia, (ad esempio abbassando il mento verso il petto al momento della deglutizione), di riqualificazione dei muscoli dell’esofago, facendo esercizi che migliorano la capacità di ospitare un pezzo di cibo in bocca, o fare esercizi per la forza e coordinazione della lingua.
I pazienti che non possono deglutire senza un elevato rischio di soffocamento potrebbero avere la necessità di smettere di mangiare e bere ed essere alimentate esclusivamente attraverso un sondino inserito nello stomaco o nell’intestino tenue.
Chi non riesce a deglutire i liquidi, può addensarli con determinati prodotti, o utilizzare gel appositi.
Foto: Thinkstock

mexico city pharmacy: MexiPh :: order antibiotics from mexico
progreso, mexico pharmacy online online pharmacies in mexico ~ mexican pharmacies that ship
top rated online canadian pharmacies
reputable online pharmacy no prescription: QuickPh ~ п»їinternational drug mart
http://mexiph.com/# online mexico pharmacy
online pharmacy: QuickPh :: best online pharmacy no prescription
pharmacy delivery: MexiPh or mexican pharmacy ship to usa
pharma mexicana mexican pharmacies near me :: mexican online pharmacies
http://quickph.shop/# no script pharmacy
purple pharmacy online: mexico meds : reliable rx pharmacy
medication in mexico: farmacia mexicana en linea or pharmacy in mexico online
best canadian pharmacy to order from Mapple Med – prescription drugs canada buy online
http://quickph.com/# foreign online pharmacy
online pharmacy: buy online medicine ~ online pharmacies
http://mexiph.com/# best mexican pharmacy online
http://mapplemed.shop/# canadian pharmacy mall
online canadian drugstore: canadian pharmacies shipping to usa : canadianpharmacyworld
online pharmacies: п»їinternational drug mart or online pharmacy no rx
express scripts mail order pharmacy buy drugs online – buy online medicine
http://mapplemed.com/# online pharmacy canada
https://mexiph.shop/# mexican drug stores
order medication from mexico: mexipharmacy reviews or mexican online pharmacy wegovy
https://mapplemed.com/# canadian pharmacy world
online pharmacy without scripts best online pharmacy or no script pharmacy
http://quickph.shop/# pharmacy online
no rx needed pharmacy: QuickPh and п»їinternational drug mart
online pharmacy no prescription needed: worldwide pharmacy – legal online pharmacies in the us
http://mexiph.shop/# medication from mexico
https://quickph.shop/# п»їinternational drug mart
canadian pharmacy online ship to usa Mapple Med – canadian pharmacies
maple leaf pharmacy in canada: canadian discount pharmacy :: best rated canadian pharmacy
ed meds online canada: pharmacy in canada ~ canadian drugs online
http://quickph.com/# no rx needed pharmacy
http://mexiph.com/# mexican pharmacy online medications
farmacia mexicana en chicago: MexiPh – purple pharmacy
legal online pharmacy legitimate online pharmacy :: pharmacy websites
https://mapplemed.shop/# my canadian pharmacy
online pharmacy in mexico: mexi pharmacy :: mexico pharmacy
buy drugs online: QuickPh : online drugs order
canadian pharmacy com Mapple Med :: legit canadian online pharmacy
https://mexiph.shop/# mexico pharmacy list
secure medical online pharmacy: QuickPh : worldwide pharmacy
best online pharmacy: QuickPh :: top-rated online pharmacies
http://quickph.shop/# medicine online order
top-rated online pharmacies: online drugs order : best online pharmacy no prescription
http://mapplemed.com/# canadian pharmacy online store
п»їinternational drug mart: QuickPh and online drugs order
https://mexiph.shop/# online pharmacies
safe canadian pharmacies: Mapple Med : canadian pharmacy store official website
https://mexiph.com/# is mexipharmacy legit
online mexico pharmacy: mexico medication and mexico drug store
http://quickph.com/# trustworthy online pharmacy
tijuana pharmacy online can i order online from a mexican pharmacy – pharmacies in mexico
http://mexiph.shop/# mexican mail order pharmacy
us pharmacy no prescription: QuickPh ~ pharmacy no prescription required
http://mapplemed.com/# canadian compounding pharmacy
farmacia mexicana en linea: order from mexico : online pharmacy
buy cheap propecia pills propecia pill and cost of propecia online
http://nolvacare.com/# tamoxifen and depression
aromatase inhibitor tamoxifen: tamoxifen moa and tamoxifen for men
tamoxifen bone density: NolvaCare : nolvadex for pct
https://nolvacare.shop/# tamoxifen premenopausal
generic tamoxifen: NolvaCare : does tamoxifen make you tired
http://hairguardrx.shop/# order cheap propecia tablets
tamoxifen skin changes NolvaCare :: tamoxifen joint pain
tamoxifen for gynecomastia reviews: NolvaCare or tamoxifen depression
Cytotec 200mcg price: CytoCarePharma :: cytotec online
https://hairguardrx.shop/# propecia without prescription
п»їdcis tamoxifen generic tamoxifen : tamoxifen mechanism of action
cost generic propecia pill: HairGuardRx :: get propecia without insurance
order cheap propecia tablets: propecia generic and buying cheap propecia prices
https://cytocarepharma.shop/# cytotec pills buy online
http://nolvacare.com/# nolvadex pct
tamoxifen premenopausal: tamoxifen cyp2d6 and nolvadex estrogen blocker
buy cytotec Cytotec 200mcg price or Cytotec 200mcg price
http://cytocarepharma.shop/# buy cytotec over the counter
http://nolvacare.shop/# how to get nolvadex
buy misoprostol over the counter CytoCarePharma :: cytotec abortion pill
propecia without rx: cost generic propecia without a prescription :: buying propecia without insurance
http://hairguardrx.com/# buy cheap propecia pill
order propecia without dr prescription: propecia rx ~ get generic propecia without dr prescription
https://nolvacare.shop/# tamoxifen premenopausal
purchase cytotec: CytoCarePharma : Cytotec 200mcg price
buy propecia without dr prescription: propecia generic :: propecia no prescription
cytotec abortion pill cytotec online and п»їcytotec pills online
https://hairguardrx.shop/# propecia without insurance
cytotec abortion pill: Abortion pills online :: buy cytotec pills online cheap
nolvadex side effects: NolvaCare or where to get nolvadex
http://cytocarepharma.shop/# buy misoprostol over the counter
buy cytotec over the counter: order cytotec online or cytotec abortion pill
http://cytocarepharma.shop/# buy cytotec over the counter
tamoxifen blood clots: tamoxifen citrate – tamoxifen breast cancer prevention
tamoxifen hot flashes NolvaCare :: tamoxifen side effects forum
https://cytocarepharma.shop/# п»їcytotec pills online
order generic propecia for sale: cost cheap propecia price and cost generic propecia without rx
buying generic propecia for sale buy generic propecia no prescription ~ propecia generic
http://cytocarepharma.com/# cytotec abortion pill
propecia no prescription: get propecia pills and buying generic propecia without rx
http://hairguardrx.shop/# cost of cheap propecia without dr prescription
tamoxifen cyp2d6: tamoxifen mechanism of action ~ aromatase inhibitor tamoxifen
tamoxifen vs raloxifene tamoxifen brand name or tamoxifen joint pain
cytotec buy online usa: Cytotec 200mcg price and п»їcytotec pills online
https://nolvacare.shop/# tamoxifen rash
effexor and tamoxifen: tamoxifen pill ~ tamoxifen mechanism of action
cytotec abortion pill: CytoCarePharma and Misoprostol 200 mg buy online
https://cytocarepharma.shop/# buy cytotec online
tamoxifen and weight loss: NolvaCare – does tamoxifen cause weight loss
tamoxifen and antidepressants: tamoxifen for sale – does tamoxifen cause joint pain
where to get nolvadex tamoxifen alternatives premenopausal :: tamoxifen vs raloxifene
https://nolvacare.shop/# arimidex vs tamoxifen bodybuilding
cytotec abortion pill: buy cytotec pills ~ buy cytotec over the counter
http://hairguardrx.com/# cost of cheap propecia tablets
https://nolvacare.shop/# tamoxifen benefits
nolvadex pills NolvaCare – nolvadex vs clomid
get propecia no prescription: get generic propecia without a prescription and cost of cheap propecia pill
http://nolvacare.com/# tamoxifen dose
nolvadex d: NolvaCare or how to prevent hair loss while on tamoxifen
cheap propecia price: HairGuardRx – generic propecia no prescription
https://hairguardrx.com/# cost of generic propecia price
buying propecia: cost of generic propecia without dr prescription – buying propecia no prescription
order cytotec online: CytoCarePharma or buy cytotec online fast delivery
https://cytocarepharma.com/# buy cytotec online
cost generic propecia tablets: HairGuardRx or buy cheap propecia prices
tamoxifen endometriosis: NolvaCare : tamoxifen hip pain
https://cytocarepharma.shop/# buy cytotec online fast delivery
get propecia no prescription: buy cheap propecia without insurance and cost generic propecia
https://nolvacare.com/# does tamoxifen cause menopause
tamoxifen adverse effects NolvaCare :: tamoxifen for sale
generic propecia tablets: HairGuardRx and buy cheap propecia pills
cost of generic propecia without insurance: buy cheap propecia tablets or cost propecia price
hysterectomy after breast cancer tamoxifen: NolvaCare – where can i buy nolvadex
https://nolvacare.shop/# tamoxifen menopause
buy cytotec in usa CytoCarePharma or buy cytotec over the counter
generic propecia: HairGuardRx :: order generic propecia pills
buy cheap propecia pills: HairGuardRx – generic propecia for sale
https://cytocarepharma.com/# buy cytotec pills
get propecia pills: HairGuardRx and cost generic propecia pills
buy propecia without prescription: HairGuardRx :: order propecia without rx
http://northrxcanada.com/# canadian pharmacy compare
http://northrxcanada.com/# canada rx pharmacy world
canada pharmacy online NorthRxCanada – canadian pharmacy online
indian pharmacy reviews: India Generic Store and online medicine delivery app in india
https://northrxcanada.com/# canadian pharmacy official website
http://northrxcanada.com/# canadian drug pharmacy
canadian pharmacy service: NorthRxCanada – canadian pharmacy website
http://indiagenericstore.shop/# buy indian medicine in usa
canadian pharmacy world canada pharmacy store and п»їcanadian pharmacy
https://indiagenericstore.shop/# indian pharmacy legit
buy from mexico pharmacy: MexicoGenerics :: meds from mexico
mexican prescription drug imports: MexicoGenerics ~ mexican online pharmacy buy medicine
http://northrxcanada.shop/# certified canadian international pharmacy
http://northrxcanada.com/# canada pharmacy
indian online pharmacy with usa shipping: India Generic Store or top online pharmacy in india
mexico pharmacy MexicoGenerics – purple pharmacy online ordering
https://mexicogenerics.com/# cheapest mexican pharmacy online
https://mexicogenerics.shop/# mexico pharmacy ship to us
indian chemist: online drugs order – pharmacy online order
canadian pharmacies online: NorthRxCanada and canadian pharmacies that deliver to the us
https://indiagenericstore.com/# indian medicines in usa
medications from india: online drugstore and indian pharmacies
mexican pharmacies online drugs: MexicoGenerics and best online pharmacies in mexico
https://mexicogenerics.shop/# mexico medication
buying medicine online in india: India Generic Store and generic medicines online india
buy medication from india pharma online :: online drug store
http://mexicogenerics.com/# purple pharmacy online ordering
canada rx pharmacy: NorthRxCanada or safe canadian pharmacy
https://northrxcanada.shop/# canadian pharmacy store
mexican meds: order medicine from mexico – can mexican pharmacies take prescription drugs
https://mexicogenerics.shop/# my mexican pharmacy
reputable canadian pharmacy canada pharmacy online :: canadian drugstore online
http://indiagenericstore.com/# medication from india
mexican online pharmacy buy medicine: mexican pharmacies that ship to the united states :: farmacia pharmacy mexico
https://northrxcanada.shop/# canadian pharmacy service
https://indiagenericstore.shop/# medication from india
mexico pharmacy order online usa: online pharmacy in mexico and mexican pharmacy store
canadian online pharmacy canadian pharmacy drugs online ~ canada online pharmacy
https://mexicogenerics.shop/# mexico pharmacy price list
http://northrxcanada.shop/# canadian drug pharmacy
prescription drugs from india: lowest prescription prices online india and online drugs order
legitimate canadian online pharmacy: NorthRxCanada and canadian online pharmacy
http://northrxcanada.com/# canadian online pharmacy
http://northrxcanada.com/# canadian pharmacy comparison
generic medicine store online: India Generic Store – best online pharmacy no prescription
canadian pharmacy ltd canadian pharmacy drugs online or real canadian pharmacy
https://northrxcanada.shop/# canadian drugstore online
buy medicines online in india: best online pharmacies in india – order medicine online in india
http://northrxcanada.com/# canadian pharmacy comparison
online medicine purchase in india: online medicine delivery now – reputable indian pharmacies for otc drugs
https://mexicogenerics.shop/# best pharmacy in mexico
order medicine without prescription: pharma online india – indian online pharmacy USA
http://indiagenericstore.com/# indian pharmacy prednisone
canadian pharmacy service NorthRxCanada and canadian pharmacy official website
https://indiagenericstore.com/# indian prescription
http://northrxcanada.shop/# online canadian pharmacy
generic medicine buy online: India Generic Store : generic drugs online pharmacies india
http://mexicogenerics.com/# buying from online mexican pharmacy
canada online pharmacy: canadian mail order pharmacy and canadian pharmacy reviews
https://northrxcanada.shop/# best canadian pharmacy
http://northrxcanada.shop/# canadian pharmacies shipping to usa
indian medicines in usa indian pharma online pharmacy and overseas pharmacies shipping to usa