Acantosi nigricans: cause e come si cura

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L’Acantosi (o Acanthosis) nigricans è un disturbo abbastanza comune della pigmentazione della pelle. Il segno più evidente coincide con macchie scure sulla cute ispessita ed una texture vellutata. Tali macchie possono apparire sulle ascelle, sull’inguine, collo , gomiti pieghe, ginocchia, nocche, ma anche sulle labbra e sotto i palmi e le piante di mani e piedi. Non va trascurato perché può essere il sintomo di problemi seri di salute come una condizione di pre-diabete. Scopriamone insieme qualcosa in più.

acantosi nigricans

 

 

 

Chi è a rischio di Acanthosis Nigricans?

L’Acanthosis nigricans può colpire egualmente gli uomini e le donne, ma è più frequente nelle persone in sovrappeso, che hanno la pelle più scura, soffrono di diabete o di glicemia alta.
La frequenza di acanthosis nigricans varia tra gruppi etnici, secondo le seguenti percentuali:

  • 1 per cento dei caucasici
  • 6 per cento di Latini
  • 13 per cento degli afroamericani
  • 34 per cento dei nativi americani

Tutti i gruppi etnici sono ugualmente a rischio di Acanthosis nigricans quando l’indice di massa corporea (BMI) è ben superiore al normale.

Quali sono le cause Acanthosis nigricans?

Le macchie di Acantosi nigricans si verificano quando le cellule della pelle epidermiche iniziano a riprodursi rapidamente. Questa crescita delle cellule della pelle anormale è più comunemente innescato da alti livelli di insulina nel sangue. In rari casi, l’aumento delle cellule della pelle può essere provocato da farmaci (come la pillola anticoncezionale), cancro (in particolare da adenocarcinoma gastrico), o da altre condizioni mediche, come il morbo di Addison, disturbi della ghiandola pituitaria, bassi livelli di ormoni tiroidei, alte dosi di niacina.

 

Come si fa la diagnosi?

L’Acanthosis nigricans è facile da riconoscere a vista. Il medico può decidere di verificare la presenza di diabete o insulino-resistenza come la causa principale. Questi test possono includere i livelli della glicemia o test di insulina a digiuno. Il medico può anche esaminare tutti i farmaci che si assumono abitualmente per vedere se possono correlati alle macchie cutanee. In rari casi, il medico può eseguire altri test, come una piccola biopsia cutanea per escludere altre possibili cause.

 

Acanthosis Nigricans come si cura?

L’Acanthosis nigricans non è una malattia. Si tratta di un sintomo di un’altra condizione che può richiedere attenzione medica. Il trattamento è in gran parte concentrato su come affrontare la condizione di base. Se si è in sovrappeso, occorrerà fare una dieta dimagrante, mentre se il problema è la glicemia, sarà importante una cura dietetica e farmacologica per tenerla sotto controllo. Se il problema è causato da farmaci o integratori, il medico potrà suggerire di interromperne l’assunzione o sostituirli. La pelle, dopo questi accorgimenti può tornare a schiarirsi.

Esistono anche dei trattamenti cosmetici da utilizzare in casi particolarmente evidenti ed imbarazzanti: fondotinta o creme sbiancanti da prescrizione (Retin-A, il 20 per cento urea, alfa idrossiacidi e acido salicilico). Non sono risolutori del problema, ma di certo aiutano a migliorare l’estetica all’occorrenza.

 

Si può prevenire?

Il mantenimento di un sano stile di vita di solito può prevenire l’acantosi nigricans. Perdere peso, controllando la dieta, e, forse, regolando tutti i farmaci che stanno contribuendo alla condizione sono tutti passaggi cruciali. Scelte di vita più sane sono fondamentali anche per ridurre i rischi di molti altri tipi di malattie.

 

Potrebbero interessarvi anche i seguenti post

Diabete e cura della pelle 

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Cloasma gravidico cos’è e come si previene

Sintomi steatosi epatica non alcolica

 

Foto: Thinkstock

Fonte:  www.healthline.com

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