Come cambia la chirurgia cardiovascolare grazie alla stampa 3D

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chirurgoL’innovazione portata dalla stampa 3D sembra non conoscere confini; utilizzata per creare oggetti di design, abiti, gioielli e persino alimenti, questa innovativa tecnica di stampa oggi viene applicata con successo anche in campo medico. Numerose strutture ospedaliere all’avanguardia, infatti, utilizzano già da tempo protesi stampate in 3D, ma la ricerca e le molteplici applicazioni della stampa tridimensionale hanno portato anche alla realizzazione di strumenti personalizzati da utilizzare durante gli interventi chirurgici extracorporei.

L’idea è stata promossa dal chirurgo cardiovascolare Ignacio Díaz de Tuesta dell’Ospedale Regionale Universitario di Malaga, il quale ha deciso di migliorare le pratiche operatorie attraverso l’uso di strumentazioni ausiliarie stampate in 3D. Ovviamente non si tratta di strumenti qualunque, bensì di prodotti personalizzati sulla base delle TAC e delle ecocardiografie dei pazienti che devono essere sottoposti a un intervento al cuore.

Il noto chirurgo spagnolo è riuscito così a dare vita a un nuovo modello di chirurgia, dove il soggetto da operare è posto ancora più al centro dell’attenzione e in cui le possibilità di riuscita di un intervento possono aumentare in modo considerevole.

Gli strumenti sono stati realizzati in uno speciale materiale plastico facilmente sterilizzabile, così da garantire la massima sicurezza per i pazienti. Perché se alcuni attrezzi del mestiere sono realizzati su misura e quindi utilizzabili su un solo caso operatorio, altri, svolgendo funzioni più generiche, possono essere usati in più interventi.

L’equipe dell’Ospedale di Malaga ha scelto come ambito di applicazione della tecnologia 3D le operazioni all’aorta, dal cambiamento dei segmenti, alla sostituzione della valvola, fino ai casi di cardiomiopatia ipertrofica e dissecazione aortica. Questi interventi hanno richiesto in particolare l’uso di strumenti come: un dispositivo di protezione della valvola aortica, una sonda prevalvolare, un calibro e un misuratore di diametro intraoperatorio.

La pratica chirurgica che prevede l’integrazione di strumentazioni realizzate con stampa 3D ha buone chances di essere esportata anche in altri campi della chirurgia; 30 interventi di questo tipo sono già stati eseguiti con successo, un chiaro segnale di quanto in sala operatoria sia importante raggiungere livelli di precisione ed efficacia sempre più elevati.

Articolo scritto in collaborazione con Clinica San Francesco

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