Stenosi aortica: sintomi e cause

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Cos’è una stenosi della valvola aortica? Con questo termine si indica in medicina ed in particolare in cardiologia un restringimento della valvola aortica, punto di congiunzione fondamentale tra l’aorta ed il cuore: tale restringimento che può essere più o meno grave, impedisce alla valvola di aprirsi completamente, il che ostacola il flusso di sangue dal cuore all’aorta e al resto dell’organismo, aumentando il rischio di incappare in un accidente cardiovascolare. Quando questa valvola è eccessivamente ostruita, limitata, il cuore deve lavorare più intensamente per pompare il sangue all’organismo, il che alla lunga può portare ad un indebolimento del muscolo cardiaco. Per tale motivo una stenosi grave solitamente comporta l’intervento chirurgico di sostituzione della valvola. Scopriamone cause e sintomi.

stenosi valvola aortica sintomi cause

I sintomi della stenosi valvolare aortica

Una stenosi della valvola aortica può variare da lieve a grave. I sintomi in genere si sviluppano quando il restringimento è grave e possono essere i seguenti:

  • Dolore al torace (angina) o senso di oppressione
  • Sensazione di svenimento o svenimento sotto sforzo
  • Mancanza di respiro, soprattutto durante uno sforzo
  • Fatica, soprattutto nei periodi di maggiore attività
  • Palpitazioni cardiache
  • Soffio al cuore

Gli effetti di un indebolimento del cuore successivi ad una stenosi possono portare ad insufficienza cardiaca. Tra i sintomi di questa troviamo: affaticamento, mancanza di respiro e caviglie e piedi gonfi.
Essenzialmente però una stenosi può essere asintomatica o comunque non destare disturbi di sorta fino a che non si ha una complicanza. In genere tale condizione è scoperta con visite di routine, magari in conseguenza dello sviluppo di un soffio al cuore (suono cardiaco anormale) non precedentemente evidenziato.  La stenosi della valvola aortica può essere congenita e quindi a seconda dell’entità, i sintomi di affaticamento o dolore al petto potrebbero essere riscontrati anche nei bambini molto piccoli.

Le cause

Numerose le cause di stenosi aortica. Le più comuni sono:

  • Difetto cardiaco congenito

Avere una valvola aortica congenitamente anormale richiede una valutazione regolare da parte di un medico: può non sviluppare disturbi fino all’età adulta o mai. Dipende dalla severità del difetto, ma una sorveglianza attiva è sempre opportuna. Altrimenti occorre intervenire sin nell’infanzia con un intervento cardochirurgico.

  • Calcificazione della valvola aortica

Con il passare degli anni le valvole cardiache possono accumulare depositi di calcio, minerale in circolo nel sangue. Abitualmente non provocano disturbi o complicanze, ma in alcuni pazienti, specie in quelli con anomalie congenite della valvola (come in una valvola aortica bicuspide) possono provocare un irrigidimento dei lembi con conseguente stenosi: è più comune negli uomini di età superiore a 65 anni e nelle donne di età superiore a 75.

  • Febbre reumatica

Una complicanza dell’infezione del mal di gola, la febbre reumatica, può causare la formazione di tessuto cicatriziale sulla valvola aortica. Il tessuto cicatriziale può restringere la valvola aortica e portare a stenosi. Il tessuto cicatriziale può anche creare una superficie ruvida su cui depositi di calcio si raccolgono più facilmente contribuendo a sviluppare una stenosi valvolare aortica più tardi nella vita.
La febbre reumatica può danneggiare più di una valvola cardiaca, e in più di un modo. Una valvola cardiaca danneggiata non può aprire completamente o chiudere completamente.

Leggi anche:

Soffio al cuore, cause e sintomi

I benefici dell’olio d’oliva per il cuore

Le dieci regole per proteggere il cuore

 

Fonte: Mayo Clinic

Foto: Thinkstock

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  173. Worth recognising the specific care that went into how this post ended, and a look at ideasmoveforward maintained the same careful conclusions, endings are where most blog content falls apart and this site has clearly invested in the closing stretches of its pieces rather than letting them simply trail off when energy fades.

  175. Reading this in a moment of low energy still kept my attention, and a stop at claritypowersvelocity continued that engagement under suboptimal conditions, content that survives the reader being tired is content with extra reserves of pull and this site has the kind of writing that holds up even when I am not at my reading best.

  176. Will be back, that is the simplest way to say it, and a quick visit to frontlinebond reinforced the decision, this site has earned a spot in my regular rotation alongside a few other reliable places I check when I want something genuinely informative without all the usual modern web noise getting in the way.

  177. Реабилитация 12 шагов в Москве — это программа лечения зависимости, которая помогает человеку после наркотической, алкогольной или смешанной аддикции перейти от хаотичных попыток бросить к последовательной работе над собой. Программа 12 шагов применяется при наркомании, алкоголизме, лудомании, игромании, созависимости и других формах химической зависимости. Ее цель — помочь человеку признать болезнь, прекратить употреблять психоактивные вещества, получить опору, научиться жить трезво и постепенно вернуть способность управлять своими решениями.
    Получить больше информации – 12 шагов реабилитации наркозависимых шаги

  178. Took some notes for a project I am working on, and a stop at forwardtractionformed added more raw material to those notes, content that contributes to my own creative work rather than just being interesting in the moment is the kind I value most and the kind I will keep coming back to repeatedly.

  179. Beats most of the alternatives on the topic by a noticeable margin, and a look at trendvani did not change that at all, this is one of the better corners of the open internet for this kind of content and I am glad I clicked through rather than skipping past quickly like I usually do.

  182. Народ кто в теме То вообще доступ закрывают Искал долго, перепробовал кучу вариантов Короче, единственное где не кидают — вавада казино онлайн лучший выбор Вывод денег за 5 минут В общем, там все подробности — vavada online casino vavada online casino Не ведитесь на лохотроны Перешлите тому кто тоже ищет нормальное казино

  188. The post made the topic feel approachable without making it feel trivial, that is a fine balance, and a stop at connectbridge maintained the same balance, finding the middle ground between welcoming and serious is genuinely difficult and the writers here have clearly figured out how to consistently hit it well across many different posts.

  192. The way the post stayed on topic throughout without going on tangents was really refreshing, and a look at trustednexus kept that focused approach going, discipline like this in writing is rare and worth recognising because most writers cannot resist wandering off into related subjects that dilute their main point and confuse readers along the way.

  193. Closed the tab with a small sense of finality rather than the usual rushed exit, and a stop at capitaltrustee produced the same considered closing, when reading ends with deliberate satisfaction rather than impatient skip you know the time was well spent and this site is producing those satisfying endings consistently across what I read.

  194. The clarity here is something I really appreciate, especially compared to sites that pile on jargon for no reason, and a look at momentumarchitecture was the same, simple direct sentences that actually deliver information instead of dancing around the point for paragraphs at a time which wastes reader patience.

  195. If I were grading sites on this topic this one would receive high marks, and a stop at integritybondhub continued earning those high marks, the informal grading I do mentally for content sources is something I take seriously even though it is informal and this site has been receiving consistent high marks across multiple sessions today.

  198. Worth recognising that this site does not chase the daily news cycle, and a stop at bondedtrustway confirmed the longer publication arc, sites that resist the pressure to comment on every passing event are sites with genuine editorial discipline and this one has clearly chosen depth over volume which I respect deeply.

  200. Now thinking about how this post will age over the coming years, and a stop at progresswithoutfriction suggested the same durability, content built to age well rather than to capture the attention of the moment is content with a different kind of value and this site has clearly chosen the long horizon over the short one.

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