Cause e rimedi delle allergie

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allergie

La primavera è considerata generalmente una bella stagione, tranne dalle persone che soffrono di allergie per le quali questo periodo dell’anno rappresenta un vero e proprio incubo. Si stima che soffre di allergie una persona su quattro, numero che non è assolutamente definitivo visto che il numero di persone allergiche è in costante aumento.

La causa è sempre riconducibile ad un fattore genetico poichè soffre di allergia solo chi è geneticamente predisposto. Tra le cause che hanno determinato un aumento delle allergie gli esperti annoverano anche fattori come il fumo o l’inquinamento che, anche se non ne costituiscono la causa, forniscono comunque il loro contributo.


L’allergia non è altro che la reazione del sistema immunitario ad una sostanza che viene interpretata come dannosa dal nostro organismo. La reazione allergica si scatena a partire dalla seconda volta in cui la persona entra in contatto con un determinato alleregene. La prima volta, infatti, serve al sistema immunitario per analizzare la sostanza e catalogarla come “dannosa”, scatenando la reazione allergica ad ogni successivo contatto con quella determinata sostanza.

Il fastidio provocate dalle allergie, in particolare, è causato dal rilascio da parte dell’organismo di istamina, una sostanza che determina la dilatazione dei vasi sanguigni e l’ostruzione dei bronchi.

Per capire quali sono le sostanza che il nostro organismo rileva come dannose scatenando la reazione allergica occorre effettuare il cosiddetto “Prick Test“, un esame durante il quale il fà cadere delle gocce di vari allergeni sul nostro braccio e punge leggermente la pelle per far penetrare la sostanza all’interno. Dopo circa un quarto d’ora la parte del braccio che è venuta a contatto con sostanze di cui siamo allergici apparirà arrossata.

Per combattere i sintomi delle allergie possono essere utilizzati anticongestionanti e antinfiammatori che attenuano i disturbi a naso e occhi. Nei casi più gravi possono essere utilizzati gli antistaminici, farmaci più forti che hanno come effetto collaterale quello di provocare sonnolenza.


Ovviamente, l’unico modo per evitare questi sintomi è quello di non entare in contatto con le sostanze a cui siamo allergiche, cosa che è praticamente impossibile nel caso in cui la causa dell’allergia è il polline. In questo caso l’unica possibilità è quella di ricorrere al vaccino che deve essere somministrato per un periodo che và dai 3 ai 5 anni ma che, tuttavia, inizia a fare effetto solo dopo due anni.

Per chi è allergico al polline può essere utile evitare di mangiare alcuni cibi che contengono sostanze presenti anche nel polline. Ecco quali sonoe in quali alimenti si trovano:

Graminacee: pomodori, meloni, anguria, agrumi, kiwi.

Parietaria: basilico, piselli, meloni e ciliege

Betullace: frutta secca, finocchio, mele, pere, pesche, carote e ciliege.

Artemisia: banane, sedano, carote e castagne.

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