Cos’è lo scroto? A cosa serve? Come è fatto? E cosa significa quando è gonfio? Lo scroto è parte del sistema genitale e riproduttivo maschile. E’ situato sotto il pene, tra le cosce ed è in pratica il sacco di tessuto muscolare (non a caso si chiama anche sacco scrotale) che contiene e protegge i testicoli ed i vasi sanguigni con il funicolo spermatico ad essi collegati. E’ diviso internamente in due parti ognuna delle quali contiene un testicolo. Lo scroto protegge i testicoli da urti e movimenti, ma soprattutto li mantiene alla giusta temperatura (lievemente più bassa del resto del corpo) al fine di assicurare un’adeguata produzione di sperma.
Se i testicoli non scendono nello scroto
In genere alla nascita i bambini non hanno i testicoli scesi. Questo passaggio avviene fisiologicamente entro l’anno di vita: rappresenta uno dei controlli standard che il pediatra deve eseguire in tali fascia d’età. Può capitare che però questo non accada (testicolo retrattile o ritenuto) o accada che risalgano (testicolo ad ascensore): è necessario intervenire con terapia ormonale o intervento chirurgico. Il tutto in genere si esegue entro i 9-10 anni di vita del bambino (in passato si agiva più precocemente). Se il testicolo ritenuto non viene fatto scendere nello scroto si può andare incontro nell’età adulta a problemi di sterilità.
Scroto gonfio, tutte le cause
Può capitare di avere lo scroto gonfio, talvolta accompagnato da dolore. La colpa può risiedere con un recente (e consapevole infortunio) o con alcune condizioni particolari di salute: un accumulo di liquidi, una massa in crescita, un’infiammazione. Ecco le altre cause più comuni:
- Calcoli renali
- Criptorchidismo (testicolo ritenuto)
- Epididimite
- Ernia inguinale
- Idrocele
- Insufficienza cardiaca congestizia
- Nevralgia del Pudendo
- Neuropatia diabetica
- Orchite
- Prostatite
- Spermatocele
- Tumore ai testicoli
- Torsione testicolare
- Varicocele
La condizione più grave e che richiede un immediato ricovero ospedaliero in pronto soccorso associata a gonfiore dello scroto è la torsione testicolare: si accompagna ad un dolore molto forte. Anche in tutti gli altri casi, seppur in assenza di dolore, è opportuno parlarne con il proprio medico curante.
Gonfiore allo scroto, quali cure?
Ovviamente le cure non possono prescindere da una diagnosi e cioè dalla valutazione di ciò che effettivamente provoca il problema. Le terapie infatti possono diverse a seconda dei casi, e solo il medico -specialista in andrologia-può fare la giusta valutazione: in situazioni lievi possono bastare antinfiammatori, riposo, impacchi di ghiaccio, in altri casi come per la torsione dei testicoli, è necessario un immediato approccio chirurgico. Occorre rivolgersi al medico precocemente anche se il gonfiore è associato a seguenti sintomi:
- Presenza al tatto di un nodulo all’interno dello scroto
- Febbre
- Lo scroto è gonfio, rosso e dolente per più di un’ora consecutiva
- Dolore acuto e improvviso
- Se si è stati a contatto con bambino o adulto con orecchioni (parotite)
- Vomito e diarrea
Leggi anche:
Scroto gonfio 9 cause possibili
Scroto gonfio cause sintomi cure
Dolore all’inguine, tutte le cause e cosa fare per la cura
Scroto e testicoli gonfi con dolore: le cause
Scroto gonfio, cause e cosa fare? Andrologo risponde
Foto: Thinkstock
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