Familiarità aumenta il rischio di altri tipi di cancro

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Un recente studio condotto dai ricercatori italiani, svizzeri e francesi dell‘Istituto Mario Negri suggerisce che la familiarità di un tumore fra i parenti di primo grado faccia aumentare non solo il rischio di poter sviluppare un tumore simile, ma anche il rischio di poterne sviluppare uno diverso, in altre parti del corpo. 

Pubblicato sulla rivista Annals of Oncology, lo studio ha analizzato circa 12.000 neoplasie di 13 diversi tipi di tumore e confrontati con 11.000 individui non affetti da tumore.

 

L’importanza dello studio consiste soprattutto nel fatto che esiste un concreto rischio genetico e ambientale in chi presenta una storia familiare di tumore fra parenti stretti, ma proprio per questo motivo è necessario tentare di ridurre l’incidenza attraverso uno stile di vita sano. 

I dati infatti sono stati rilevati anche tenendo conto di altri fattori, tra cui il fumo e l’alcol, che possono concretamente influenzare il rischio di tumore.

 

DODECALOGO PREVENZIONE PER PROTEGGERSI DAL CANCRO

 

Molte della associazioni emerse dallo studio sono causate molto probabilmente anche dalla condivisione in famiglia di pessime abitudini, come il fumo o l’alcol in primis, oltre ovviamente che dalla componente genetica.

Ma quali sono le correlazioni messe in evidenza? Lo studio ha confermato alcuni legami già messe in evidenza, come ad esempio il rischio di sviluppare lo stesso tipo di tumore in cui ha un parente stretto di primo grado che si è già ammalato. Nelle donne ad esempio il rischio di tumore alla mammella aumenta di una volta e mezza se si ha una storia storia familiare di tumore del colon-retto.

Le donne con una storia familiare che presentano parenti strette con diagnosi di tumore della mammella presentano un rischio duplicato di tumore dell’ovaio. 

 

Il rischio di tumore del cavo orale e della faringe è addirittura triplicato e il rischio di tumore all’esofago è quadruplicato per chi ha un parente di primo grado con tumore alla laringe.

Insomma i dati non appaiono certo confortanti, ma è anche vero gli autori dello studio suggeriscono ancora una volta l’importanza dello screening e della diagnosi precoce rivolta soprattutto alle persone che presentano rischi maggiori.

Rischi che aumentano se a un membro della famiglia viene diagnosticato un tumore prima dei 60 anni: soprattutto in questi casi, oltre che a dare un taglio netto alla cattive abitudini, la diagnosi precoce può essere di vitale importanza.

 

 

 

Foto Thinkstock

 

 

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