Cioccolato, proprietà benefiche e controindicazioni

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Il cioccolato è un superfood? Si dice che abbia proprietà afrodisiache, antidepressive ed addirittura antitumorali, ma non bisogna enfatizzare troppo perché le cose non sono mai semplici quanto sembrano: un eccesso di cioccolata e cioccolatini più che benefici per la salute ha serie controindicazioni. Cosa c’è dunque di vero circa le proprietà del “cibo degli dei”?

cioccolato proprietà controindicazioni

Cacao o cioccolato?

Il cioccolato è un alimento trasformato con l’aggiunta di zuccheri, latte e grassi derivato dal cacao. Il cacao di per se stesso è effettivamente ricco di proprietà nutrizionali: è una buona fonte di ferro, magnesio, manganese, fosforo e zinco. Contiene anche gli antiossidanti catechine e procianidine. Da qui le possibili proprietà anti stress ed antitumorali, che si tende ad estendere anche al cioccolato (specie quello fondente che ha un maggior contenuto di cacao e minori quantità di grassi e zuccheri aggiunti).

 

Il cioccolato abbassa la pressione del sangue?

Uno studio revisionale del 2012 ha risposto in maniera affermativa: i prodotti derivati dal cacao, compreso il cioccolato fondente possono aiutare ad abbassare la pressione sanguigna seppur lievemente. Tuttavia, la maggior parte degli studi presi in considerazione sono stati di breve durata (da due a otto settimane) e dunque non dimostrano con adeguata certezza non solo il proseguo del beneficio, ma neppure i rischi eventualmente connessi a determinate quantità di cioccolato nella dieta. Gli autori stessi della revisione hanno sottolineato la necessità di approfondire la questione con studi sul lungo termine per comprendere meglio gli effetti del cacao sulla pressione sanguigna e la salute cardiovascolare.

 

Il cioccolato aiuta a prevenire il cancro?

Alcune limitate ricerche su animali da laboratorio suggeriscono come una dieta ricca di cacao potrebbe offrire protezione contro il cancro intestinale. Ma è impossibile concludere da ricerche effettuate in un laboratorio che il cacao sia effettivamente in grado di proteggere le persone contro questa neoplasia.

 

E’ un antistress?

In un piccolo studio scientifico risalente al 2009, 30 volontari hanno assunto quotidianamente per 2 settimane 40 g di cioccolato fondente, sperimentando una riduzione degli ormoni dello stress. Il problema, nel dare certezze su questa proprietà benefica sta nel fatto che si tratta di uno studio molto piccolo e che fu commissionato da una nota azienda produttrice di cioccolato.

 

Previene le ulcere venose alle gambe?

Le ulcere venose sono ferite aperte che si possono sviluppare sulla gamba o il piede, impiegando poi molte settimane per guarire. Le persone che hanno difficoltà a muoversi a causa di condizioni come l’obesità o la paralisi sono particolarmente a rischio. Uno studio revisionale del 2013 ha esaminato se i flavonoidi, un composto presente nel cioccolato (e vino rosso), potrebbe contribuire ad accelerare la guarigione dalle ferite: non si sono avuti risultati convincenti.

 

Indicazioni e controindicazioni del cioccolato

Va sottolineato come gli studi sui benefici per la salute del cioccolato si sono concentrati su estratti di cacao e non sul cioccolato stesso. La potenziale efficacia dei “principi attivi” presenti nel cacao quindi non può prescindere dal fatto che nel cioccolato questo sia combinato con zuccheri e grassi. Ne evince un prodotto ad alta densità energetica (ricco di calorie) che potrebbero contribuire all’aumento di peso e dunque ad un più alto rischio di malattia cardiovascolare ed oncologica. E dunque è assolutamente controindicato mangiarne in eccesso. Va da se che in quantità moderate, come un ossequio occasionale, il cioccolato può essere parte di una dieta sana ed equilibrata. Mangiato troppo spesso ed in quantità eccessive no.

 

Leggi anche:

Perché il cioccolato fa bene alla salute?

Mangiare cioccolato mantiene giovane il cervello

Cioccolato è un calmante naturale

Cioccolato in dosi moderate protegge dallo scompenso cardiaco

 

 

 

Fonte: Nhs.uk

Foto: Thinkstock

 

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