Un nuovo, nuovissimo farmaco jolly in grado di poter aggredire e spegnere ben 29 tipi di tumori diversi: si chiama larotrectinib, ed è il primo farmaco primo nella classe degli inibitori orali di TRK che è stato presentato nel corso del Congresso europeo di oncologia Esmo che si sta tenendo in questi giorni nella città di Barcellona.
Un farmaco innovativo che agisce non direttamente sull’organo dove il cancro ha avuto origine, ma sulla stessa alterazione genica, la “Ntrk” che si riscontra essere comune a cellule cancerose di diversi tipi di cancro.
Senza dimenticare che il larotrectinib non avrà gravi effetti collaterali sul paziente.
Farmaco jolly contro i turmori, che cos’è il Larotrectinib
Si chiama larotrectinib ed è il primo nella classe degli inibitori orali di TRK che solo pochi giorni fa ha incassato il via libera alla commercializzazione nell’Unione europea dopo avere ottenuto il permesso alla commercializzazione negli Stati Uniti, in Brasile e in Canada.
Gli stupefacenti risultati della molecola larotrectinib sono stati presentati al Congresso europeo di oncologia Esmo. I dati confermano che l’assunzione del farmaco presenta una riduzione del 30% della massa tumorale nel 79% dei pazienti valutati e nel 75% di quelli con metastasi cerebrali con sopravvivenza media inferiore ai tre anni. Dati eccezionali insomma secondo la comunità scientifica.
Come agisce il Larotrectinib
Il Larotrectinib viene comunemente definito un farmaco “agnostico” poiché non agisce direttamente su un solo organo in particolare, ma indipendentemente dalla localizzazione del tumore.
Un farmaco che crea un precedente perché la molecola riesce ad agire sui tumori solidi anche in stadio molto avanzato o metastatico sia nei pazienti adulti sia nei pazienti pediatrici.
Il Larotrectinib inoltre agisce non direttamente sull’organo, ma sulla alterazione genica di Ntrk responsabile del tumore, alterazione rara, ma che solo in Italia arriva a colpire oltre 4mila pazienti l’anno.
Il nuovo farmaco messo a punto inoltre viene somministrato per bocca con effetti collaterali molto lievi e senza devastanti effetti collaterali.
Le fusioni geniche di Ntrk, che cosa sono
Le fusioni geniche di Ntrk sono alterazioni presenti in tante diverse neoplasie, fino a 29, che scatenano un’attivazione incontrollata del recettore TRK (Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase) contribuendo alla crescita del tumore.
Il larotrectinib (LOXO-101) riesce invece ad agire sulle proteine di fusione della chinasi del recettore della tropomiosina (TRK).
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