Da madri esposte ai germi figli meno sensibili alle allergie

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I bambini nati da madri maggiormente esposte ai germi durante la gravidanza hanno meno probabilità di sviluppare allergie. E’ quanto risulta da uno studio, pubblicato online su Journal of Experimental Medicine, condotto da ricercatori tedeschi dell’Università di Marburg su topi da laboratorio. Studiando i figli le cui madri erano state esposte all’inalazione di diversi tipi di germi comunemente presenti nei cortili delle fattorie, hanno scoperto che questi risultavano maggiormente protette contro le allergie.

L’esposizione ai germi innescherebbe una lieve reazione infiammatoria nella madre, la quale provocherebbe una maggior espressione di recettori toll-like e la produzione di quelle molecole del sistema immunitario denominate citochine.

I ricercatori ritengono che i recettori toll-like della madre abbiano un ruolo importantissimo nel trasmettere la protezione alle allergie nei figli, anche se non sanno spiegare come ciò accada.

Sono inoltre necessarie ulteriori ricerche per capire se questa protezione trasmessa da madre a figlio sia valida per un ampio ventaglio di possibili allergie, comprese quelle di origine alimentare, oppure solo di alcune.

I risultati in ogni caso confermano quanto evidenziato da ricerche svolte in precedenza, che avevano già evidenziato come i bambini cresciuti in fattorie o ambienti rurali, a più alta concentrazione di batteri, risultassero meno a rischio di sviluppare allergie dei loro coetanei cresciuti in città o in ambienti rurali non agricoli.

In merito era diffusa una teoria che sosteneva che la precoce esposizione ai microbi, fin da molto piccoli, contribuisca a sviluppare meglio il sistema immunitario e la sua capacità di tollerare germi ed allergeni anche in età adulta.

Questa teoria però non teneva in conto il fatto che, secondo recenti studi, i bambini di madri che vivono in ambienti rurali, ma che non sono stati particolarmente esposti ai germi, risultano nonostante ciò essere meno sensibili alle allergie. Il risultato della ricerca degli scienziati tedeschi dunque offre una spiegazione plausibile a questo dubbio teorico, risolvendolo in parte.

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