Tac all’addome, preparazione, rischi, a cosa serve

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Una TAC o tomografia assiale computerizzata (o TC o CT , dall’inglese computed tomography), è un’indagine diagnostica per immagini che sfrutta i raggi X per analizzare una sezione trasversale di una determinata parte del corpo, nello specifico l’addome. Il paziente viene inserito nel macchinario, in grado di ruotare intorno al soggetto, effettuando scansioni per vari assi, che a loro volta saranno inviate ad un computer per la visualizzazione da parte del tecnico radiologo. Ogni immagine rappresenta una sezione del corpo per fornire ai medici visualizzazioni alternative dell’organismo rispetto ad una semplice RX. Una TAC addominale aiuta i medici ad osservare gli organi, i vasi e le ossa nella cavità addominale.

tac addome rischi preparazione

 

A cosa serve la TAC addominale? Quando si fa?

Una TAC addominale si effettua quando il medico sospetta un’anomalia nell’area addominale, laddove non riesce a chiarirsi con un esame fisico o un’ecografia. Alcuni dei motivi per cui può essere prescritta sono:

  • dolore addominale
  • calcoli renali
  • pianificazione pre-operatoria
  • infezioni, come l’appendicite
  • infiammazione dell’intestino, come il morbo di Crohn
  • lesioni a seguito di un trauma
  • calcoli vescicali
  • coaguli di sangue

I rischi di una TAC addominale

Una TAC addominale ha ben pochi rischi, anche se secondo una denuncia della Harvard Medical School, alcuni dei coloranti utilizzati nella procedura possono provocare temporanei danni renali. Questo rischio aumenta se i reni sono già stati colpiti da malattia o infezione. Tuttavia, i nuovi coloranti rappresentano un rischio molto più basso per i reni (Harvard). Come con qualsiasi radiografia, vi è una certa esposizione alle radiazioni che di per se stessa, se estemporanea, non è rischiosa: diverso è il discorso se si è in stato interessante, bisogna avvisare il medico o il radiologo. Il rischio aumenta se si effettuano tante tac/radiografie in poco tempo.

Come prepararsi per una TAC addominale

E’ consigliato digiunare per 2-4 ore prima di sottoporsi alla TAC; indossare utili abiti comodi per sdraiarsi sul lettino: vanno tolti gioielli ed altri oggetti inutili. A seconda del motivo per cui si sta effettuando la TAC potrebbe essere somministrato del liquido di contrasto contenente bario (per bocca,ha un sapore gessoso e la simile consistenza) o endovena. E’ particolarmente utile se il medico sospetta ulcere o un blocco intestinale ad esempio. Dopo aver bevuto tale liquido di contrasto si attende circa un’ora / un’ora e mezza prima di effettuare la tac, per permettere alla sostanza di distribuirsi adeguatamente.

Prima di sottoporsi ad una TAC, è necessario avvisare il medico se si soffre di una delle seguenti condizioni:

  • allergia al contrasto orale (bario)
  • diabete (a digiuno può abbassare i livelli di zucchero nel sangue)
  • gravidanza

Come si esegue una TAC addominale

Una scansione addominale viene eseguita nel reparto di radiologia di un ospedale o presso una struttura specializzata in procedure diagnostiche. Il paziente viene fatto sdraiare su un lettino per la procedura. Potrebbero essere utili cuscini o cinghie per assicurarsi di una corretta posizione atta allo scopo finale. Il tecnico può anche richiedere di trattenere il fiato per qualche secondo durante la scansione. Questi si troverà in una stanza separata, ma con comandi a distanza attraverso i quali muoverà la macchina intorno al corpo sdraiato del paziente. Quanto dura? In media tra i 30 ed i 40 minuti. Effettuata la TAC si può tornare a svolgere tutte le proprie attività quotidiane, esattamente come dopo una lasctra o un’ecografia. I risultati sono visibili in breve al tecnoco radiologo, ma spesso si aspettano 24 ore per la consegna del refero, affinché tali immagini siano analizzate dal medico radiologo, che è colui che firma i risultati. Da lì sarà necessario recarsi dallo specialista che ha prescritto l’indagine diagnostica per il proseguo clinico del caso. Oggi la maggior parte delle TAC viene riversata su dischetti.

 

Potrebbero interessarvi anche i seguenti post

 

Fonte: HealthLine. com

Foto: Thinkstock

 

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