Body scanner negli aeroporti e salute dei passeggeri

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Dal giorno di Natale, in cui è stato sventato l’ennesimo attacco terroristico su un volo aereo negli Stati Uniti, si fa un gran parlare delle nuove tecniche che verranno tra breve adottate per la sicurezza dei voli, ed in particolare l’utilizzo di un nuovo dispositivo, il body scanner, che permette di visualizzare in maniera chiara e definita l’intero corpo del viaggiatore, in maniera che esso non possa nascondere su di se, sotto i vestiti, armi o esplosivi. L’introduzione di queste apparecchiature ha però suscitato, in coloro che viaggiano diverse preoccupazioni.

Da un lato infatti il problema della privacy, ovvero del fatto che l’utilizzo, la conservazione e la protezione di immagini che ritraggono il proprio corpo dovrebbero essere sottoposti a rigidissime procedure di controllo, dall’altro il problema di capire se l’esposizione ai raggi X ed alle ode leettromagnetiche non sia negativa per la salute.

Sulla prima delle due problematiche bisogna naturalmente aspettare che le legislazioni internazionali adottino un protocollo comune su privacy e protezione della propria immagine, mentre per quanto riguarda i motivi legati alla salute, secondo gli esperti i raggi cui verranno sottoposti i viaggiatori non avranno alcun effetto negativo sull’organismo.

I dispositivi utilizzano due tipi di scansioni, lo scanner ad onde millimetrico, che permette di visualizzare immagini in 3D, ed il sistema scanner backscatter che utilizza i raggi X ma a livelli estremamente bassi.
Il primo dei due sistemi, utilizzando onde radio non è in grado di provocare effetti negativi sulla salute, e neanche il secondo, grazie al fatto che i raggi X in questo caso sono utilizzati ad una potenza così bassa da non costituire un problema.

Secondo il Dott. Andrew J. Einstein, direttore del Cardiac CT Research presso il Columbia University Medical Center di New York, per parificare l’esposizione ai raggi X di una normale radiografia, il passeggero dovrebbe passare nella macchina almeno 200.000 volte.

Per fare un’altra proporzione esaustiva, l’esposizione allo scanner backscatter è l’equivalente ad un esposizione di 10 minuti alle normali radiazioni presenti nel suolo.

Anche per le donne in gravidanza non si sono trovate finora prove che l’esposizione posa essere nociva: secondo lo stesso scienziato, una donna incinta riceve molte più radiazioni provenienti dai raggi cosmici, durante il volo, che non dallo scanner aeroportuale.

La capacità di penetrazione dei sistemi backscatter è piuttosto bassa, è il parere di David A. Schauer, direttore esecutivo del National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements: i raggi X non penetrano in profondità oltre all’epidermide: sono in grado cioè di individuare oggetti nascosti sotto i vestiti ma non qualcosa che fosse nascosto all’interno del corpo.

Attualmente 40 dispositivi sono già in funzione in 19 aeroporti statunitensi, e, secondo la massima autorità statunitense sulla sicurezza in volo, Transportation Safety Administration (TSA), questi producono 10.000 volte meno energia che un normale telefono cellulare.

Negli stati uniti il passeggero ha tuttavia la possibilità di rifiutarsi di passare allo scanner elettronico, in questo caso dovrà sottoporsi alla normale procedura di controllo ed ispezione a cura del personale addetto alla sicurezza.

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