Narcolessia, che cos’è?

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narcolessia

La narcolessia è un disordine neurologico che è caratterizzato da un’improvvisa ed incontrollabile sonnolenza. E’ una malattia cronica che si manifesta nell’età adolescenziale e provoca una grave disabilità.
E’ una sonnolenza diurna che durà per lo più una ventina di minuti e non ha corrispondenze con le ore dormite di notte, è un sonno irrefrenabile che si manifesta quando vi è uno scarso stimolo ambientale e i sintomi caratteristici sono la cataplessia, le allucinazioni ipnagogiche e le paralisi nel sonno.
La narcolessia è causata da un’alterazione del sistema nervoso centrale ed in particolar modo dei centri per la regolazione del ritmo sonno-veglia.



Questi episodi di sonnolenza imprvvisa si possono presentare durante la lettura di un libro o durante la visione di un programma televisivo o si possono verificare durante i pasti.
Le allucinazioni ipnagogiche sono descritte come dei sogni che si verificano nel passaggio tra la veglia ed il sonno, all’inizio di quest’ultimo o alla fine.
La paralisi ipnagogica è caratterizzata dall’ impossibilità del soggetto di muoversi o parlare sia durante la fase di addormentamento che nella fase R.E.M. e la durata di questo fenomeno può variare da alcuni secondi a qualche minuto e appunto si presenta in alcune fasi del sonno specifiche.
Per capire se si tratta di semplice sonnolenza oppure di narcolessia vera e propria, i medici devono controllare se il paziente dopo l’addormentamento entra nella fase R.E.M. e se la risposta è affermativa, la possibilità che soffra di questa malattia si fa molto concreta.
Attualmente però non esiste nessuna cura effettiva a questi sintomi, l’unico modo per combatterli e con l’ assunzione di stimolanti.

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