Irsutismo femminile e maschile, quali cause?

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Che cos’ è l’irsutismo? Abitualmente pensiamo che possa essere esclusivamente un problema femminile, ma in realtà, seppur con modalità diverse colpisce anche il genere maschile. L’irsutismo infatti è una condizione in cui un individuo sviluppa una quantità eccessiva di peli, duri, spessi, anche e soprattutto in aree normalmente assenti. Quando si verifica nelle donne queste possono subire la crescita di peli simile agli uomini (come sul mento), con conseguente disagio personale e sociale, ma anche per gli uomini particolarmente pelosi, l’aspetto può diventare un problema. Vediamo insieme quali le principali cause che provocano questo problema.

irsutismo femminile e maschile

Cause di irsutismo

E’ difficile stabilire una casistica di questo problema, perché geneticamente c’è chi è più predisposto di altri ad avere una peluria più intensa.In generale possiamo dire che questa condizione può influenzare in modo più o meno grave una donna su 20.
L’irsutismo è causato da un eccesso di ormoni sessuali maschili, noti come androgeni, testosterone in primis, e/o dalla particolare sensibilità di specifiche parti del corpo di una donna all’influenza degli ormoni sessuali maschili.
Sia gli uomini che le donne producono androgeni, ma gli uomini di solito li producono in quantità maggiori: le donne che producono troppo androgeni vanno quindi incontro ad una eccessiva crescita di peli sul viso , collo, torace, addome e parte superiore della schiena, nonché sul labbro superiore, braccia, gambe e glutei. Tra le cause mediche comuni di peli in eccesso troviamo la sindrome dell’ovaio policistico (PCOS), tumori secernenti androgeni, e la sindrome di Cushing. Anche alcuni farmaci come il cortisone possono indurre una crescita di peli anomala.

Diagnosi e sintomi correlati all’irsutismo

La crescita intensa/ eccessiva di peli scuri e grossolani sul viso, torace, centro dell’addome, schiena, glutei e cosce già da sola induce ad una diagnosi di irsutismo. Altri sintomi correlati possono essere:

  • Livelli alti di androgeni nel sangue
  • Assottigliamento dei capelli del cuoio capelluto
  • calvizie
  • abbassamento della voce

Se si è in presenza di queste condizioni il medico può eseguire altri test per individuare la causa di fondo.
L’irsutismo va distinto dall’ipertricosi, che consiste con un aumento diffuso di peli sottili (velli), che sono indipendenti dagli ormoni androgeni.

Cura dell’irsutismo

Non esiste una cura specifica e definitiva dell’irsutismo che però può essere trattato con un certo numero di metodi. Questi includono la depilazione con varie tecniche che vanno dalla ceretta all’utilizzo del rasoio o alcune procedure come il laser o l’elettrolisi. Un eccesso di androgeni nel corpo inoltre, può essere trattato con l’assunzione della pillola contraccettiva o farmaci simili, come  il ketoconazolo o i  glucocorticoidi che inibiscono la produzione di androgeni nel surrene o veri e propri antiandrogeni, come il ciproterone acetato, il flutamide e lo spironolattone, che agiscono come antagonisti dei recettori degli androgeni. Terapia farmacologica e depilazione sono necessari di pari passo. Necessari almeno 6 mesi di cura per notare dei risultati.

L’ Eflornitina è una crema per rallentare la crescita dei peli che può essere applicato sul viso due volte al giorno. Comporta però degli effetti collaterali importanti che includono bruciore o sensazioni di bruciore quando si applica la crema e focolai di acne ed è controindicata in caso di gravidanza o allattamento. Come i farmaci sopra descritti. Il medico di riferimento nei casi di irsutismo è lo specialista in endocrinologia o ginecologia.

Potrebbero interessarvi anche i seguenti post:

Effetti collaterali del cortisone sul nostro corpo

Come eliminare i peli incarniti

Foto: Thinkstock

 

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