Il tumore al polmone è purtroppo un tipo di carcinoma abbastanza comune, a causa dell’inquinamento globale che fa soffrire in particolare questo organo. Ora i ricercatori hanno fatto delle nuove scoperte sui meccanismi di alcuni tipi di tumore al polmonare, in particolare per quel che riguarda la crescita delle cellule cancerogene.
La scoperta è per il tumore più comune che colpisce l’85% dei malati. La ricerca ha analizzato le varie fasi di diffusione nelle molecole, prendendo delle “fotografie” delle molecole e individuando un interruttore cellulare che “accende” la crescita e la diffusione. Si tratta della proteina CREB, e sarebbe la responsabile della crescita del tumore.
A condurre la ricerca il Salk Institute di La Jolla, in California, che l’ha poi messa a disposizione sulla rivista Science Advances. Con questa scoperta si potrebbero studiare nuovi farmaci per tentare di inibire questa proteina e bloccare così la diffusione della malattia, fa sapere il capo del team Marc Montminy. Il suo assistente Reuben Shaw ha già individuato alcuni principi attivi che potrebbero svolgere questa funzione, e che oggi fanno parte delle terapie per il diabete.
Il futuro dopo questa scoperta
Questa scoperta può aiutare per curare il cancro del polmone non a piccole cellule, che colpisce la maggior parte dei malati, con mutazioni genetiche. Il problema delle cure attuali è che i medici evidenziano la mancanza di marcatori (o la scarsità) che rendono difficile, se non impossibile, l’utilizzo dell’immunoterapia. Resta la scelta della chemioterapia, che tutti vorrebbero evitare, e che spesso non risulta efficace.
Ecco che la proteina CREB diventa un nuovo bersaglio da colpire con nuove terapie ad hoc. I ricercatori sanno che questa proteina si lega al Dna per manipolare la trascrizione di determinati geni, determinando così la presenza delle proteine.
Finora il ruolo della BREB era riconosciuto solo nel diabete, ma adesso, con la nuova scoperta, si considera di studiare più a fondo questa proteina, anche in altre patologie.
In particolare la CREB si lega al CRTC2, un gene del DNA, alterandone le funzioni. Il gene viene iperattivato, portando alla proliferazione del cancro, perché creerebbe una reazione a catena su altri geni.
Secondo i ricercatori, questo meccanismo è presente anche in altri tumori, e porta a sopprimere dei geni che invece contrastano efficacemente il cancro. Per questo la scoperta ha una particolare rilevanza. Disattivando la proteina CREB, si potrebbero fermare i tumori.
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