Colchicina indicazioni e controindicazioni

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La colchicina è un farmaco che serve a curare gli attacchi acuti di gotta oltre che a prevenirne altri. Il principio attivo origina dai semi di una pianta genere Colchicum (in particolare il Colchicum autumnale) che sin dai tempi remoti veniva utilizzata in casi riconducibili a reumatismi, artriti ed episodi di gotta. Agisce sulla risposta dell’organismo ai cristalli di acido urico, contrastandone quindi l’effetto tipico della gotta caratterizzata da gonfiore e dolore. Questo farmaco può essere prescritto anche per altre condizioni (ha cioè altre indicazioni) ed ovviamente ha delle controindicazioni.

colchina indicazioni e controindicazioni

A cosa serve la colchicina?

La colchicina è un farmaco indicato negli attacchi acuti di gotta negli adulti, nella prevenzione dell’artrite gottosa ricorrente (benché non sia propriamente consigliabile un suo uso sul lungo termine) e in caso di febbre mediterranea familiare (in adulti e bambini di almeno 4 anni); da qualche anno è impiegata in cardiologia anche per il trattamento delle pericarditi e  sue recidive (come nel caso della Sindrome di Dressler). Talvolta viene utilizzato anche per trattare i sintomi della sindrome di Behcets (gonfiore, arrossamento, calore e dolore), ma non può essere considerato come terapia e prevenzione della malattia di base.

 

Precauzioni ed interazioni con altri farmaci

Tale medicinale va somministrato con cautela in pazienti anziani, fisicamente debilitati o affetti da patologie renali, gastrointestinali o cardiache. Il dosaggio va stabilito di volta in volta a seconda dei casi e può essere ridotto (o sospeso il trattamento) alla comparsa dei primi effetti collaterali quali disturbi gastrointestinali.

Alcuni farmaci se assunti in contemporanea alla colchicina possono aumentare il rischio degli effetti collaterali anche pericolosi (specie in presenza di malattie renali o del fegato). Occorre specificare al proprio medico prescrittore l’eventuale utilizzo dei seguenti medicinali:

  • Ciclosporina
  • Nefazodone
  • Tipranavir
  • Claritromicina o telitromicina
  • Itraconazolo o ketoconazolo
  • Farmaci per l’HIV o l’AIDS quali l’atazanavir, il darunavir, il fosamprenavir, l’indinavir, il lopinavir, il nelfinavir, il ritonavir o il saquinavir.
  • Digossina
  • Farmaci per abbassare il colesterolo.

 

Il pompelmo ed il suo succo possono interagire pericolosamente con molti farmaci, compresa la Colchicina, favorendo rischi ed effetti collaterali pericolosi, quindi andrebbero evitati in caso di assunzione di questo medicinale. Lo stesso dicasi di altre sostaze, compresi alcuni integratori e rimedi naturali: è sempre utile parlarne a fondo con il proprio medico prescrittore.

 

Quali sono gli effetti collaterali più comuni della Colchicina?

Nausea, vomito e diarrea sono gli effetti collaterali più frequenti. In caso di diarrea si può assumere un antidiarroico, ma è sempre opportuno parlarne con il proprio medico.

 

Controindicazioni

Non si deve usare la colchicina se si è allergici al principio attivo o ad altri componenti del farmaco. Altresì è sconsigliato in suo uso in caso di gravi malattie cardiache, renali, intestinali ed in gravidanza. Nello specifico alcuni studi scientifici hanno dimostrato un rischio teratogeno per il feto (ovvero malformazioni nello sviluppo del bambino). Ne è sconsigliato l’utilizzo anche nell’allattamento al seno.

 

 

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Foto: Thinkstock

Fonte: Drugs.com

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