L’indice di massa corporea è ingannevole

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Un editoriale pubblicato da Science richiede ufficialmente che l’indice di massa corporea venga mandato in pensione, dal momento che non è sempre indicatore del reale stato di salute di un individuo.


Uno studio del 2011 e uno di quest’anno, del Cdc di Atlanta, hanno rilevato che le persone ritenute sovrappeso secondo la formula del BMI (cioè con indice compreso tra 25 e 30), tendano in realtà a vivere più a lungo di quelle ritenute “normali” dal calcolo. Secondo altre ricerche l’attività fisica riduce la mortalità indipendentemente dall’indice di massa corporea, quindi persone che lo hanno più alto potrebbero essere a minor rischio rispetto ai magri.

► NUOVA FORMULA INDICE DI MASSA CORPOREA

Come affermato da Rexford Ahima e Mitchell Lazar dell’università della Pennsylvania, il BMI non riflette in maniera corretta la proporzione tra muscoli e tessuto grasso nel corpo, inoltre non tiene conto del genere e delle differenze di razza tra le persone. L’accumulo di grassi in alcune aree del corpo sembra dannoso inoltre, mentre in altre sembra poco pericoloso. Come sottolineato dagli esperti, anche un BMI basso può nascondere uno status nutrizionale povero, in cui il corpo non riesce a metabolizzare correttamente alcune sostanze, perciò l’indice si rivela ancora una volto poco affidabile.

Secondo il pensiero degli studiosi, bisogna trovare mezzi accurati e pratici per misurare la composizione del corpo e il livello degli ormoni per individuare l’obesità e predire il rischio di morte. Una delle proposte prevede l’uso dell’Absi (A Body Shape Index), il quale tiene conto anche della circonferenza della vita, dove si trova il grasso più cattivo. Potrebbero essere utili anche altri parametri come la misura dei cosiddetti ormoni dell’adipe, miochine e citochine.

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